What are accounts?
Accounts are the descriptions and justifications offered by social actors for their own conduct, E.G. members rational accounts.
While it is a point of principle in forms of sociology such as ethnothodology or symbolic interactionism to pay close attention to actors accounts, in other forms of sociology this is not what is the case.
Wednesday 23 May 2012
What is accommodation?
What is accommodation?
1.(in race relations) the process in which ethnic groups adjust to each other's existence and coexist without necessarily resolving underlying differences in conflicts.
2.(more generally, E.G.in politics and domestic life) any individual or group behaviour of the above kind.
3.(as used by the Chicago school) a fundamental social process, analogous to biological adaptation, by which societies achieve adjustment to their environments.
4.One of the mechanisms by which development from one stage to the next is achieved.
1.(in race relations) the process in which ethnic groups adjust to each other's existence and coexist without necessarily resolving underlying differences in conflicts.
2.(more generally, E.G.in politics and domestic life) any individual or group behaviour of the above kind.
3.(as used by the Chicago school) a fundamental social process, analogous to biological adaptation, by which societies achieve adjustment to their environments.
4.One of the mechanisms by which development from one stage to the next is achieved.
What is an abstract Labour?
What is an abstract Labour?
Abstract labour is the basis of the measure of value in Marxist economic theory.
Abstract labour is the basis of the measure of value in Marxist economic theory.
What is abstract empiricism?
What is abstract empiricism?
Abstract empiricism is a term used by C.Wright Mills (1959) to refer to those forms of social survey research that involve quantitative research technologies to draw little on the theoretical tradition in sociology and Contribute little to sociological understanding.
Abstract empiricism is a term used by C.Wright Mills (1959) to refer to those forms of social survey research that involve quantitative research technologies to draw little on the theoretical tradition in sociology and Contribute little to sociological understanding.
What is Absolutism?
What is absolutism?
Absolutism is any political regime in which rulers are unrestrained by custom of rule of law, and where the exercise of power can be arbitrary.
Absolutism is the doctrine start justifying such a regime.
Absolutism is the specific states form and related Doctrines (E.G divine right of kings) associated with centralising European monarch used in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Absolutism is the form of Western European state which precedes the capitalist state.
The reality, no ruler possesses absolute power. the The conventional view has been an absolute government was a feature premodern, nonwestern states, E.G.the Turkish sultanate or Fijian monarchy. However, the arbitrary power in social mobilisation of subject populations (E.G. In the building of the pyramids) were a feature of such regimes, the lack of modern technologies of communication and surveillance meant that effective power was often severely limited.
Historically, Western sociologists and political Scientists tended to exaggerate differences between non-European and European constitutional regimes – an aspect of the general ethnocentricism of Western social science, especially in the 19th century.
Western European absolutism was absolutist only in comparison with the Federal marquees that preceded it And the constitutional marquees which followed. the Marxist view in the Western European absolutism rose from a balance of power between traditional landowning aristocracy and the rising of bourgeoisie. This enabled monarchs to establish more effective central control, including efficient systems of taxation. In practice, restraints and the centralisation of political power remained, associated with the continued existence of independently powerful groups and introduction of new constitutional rights.
Debates exist in sociology as to how far absolutism in Europe was an integral element in the rise of Western capitalism, and whether it should be viewed as involving the recasting of feudal aristocratic Power or is the onset of modern bourgeois domination.
Absolutism is any political regime in which rulers are unrestrained by custom of rule of law, and where the exercise of power can be arbitrary.
Absolutism is the doctrine start justifying such a regime.
Absolutism is the specific states form and related Doctrines (E.G divine right of kings) associated with centralising European monarch used in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Absolutism is the form of Western European state which precedes the capitalist state.
The reality, no ruler possesses absolute power. the The conventional view has been an absolute government was a feature premodern, nonwestern states, E.G.the Turkish sultanate or Fijian monarchy. However, the arbitrary power in social mobilisation of subject populations (E.G. In the building of the pyramids) were a feature of such regimes, the lack of modern technologies of communication and surveillance meant that effective power was often severely limited.
Historically, Western sociologists and political Scientists tended to exaggerate differences between non-European and European constitutional regimes – an aspect of the general ethnocentricism of Western social science, especially in the 19th century.
Western European absolutism was absolutist only in comparison with the Federal marquees that preceded it And the constitutional marquees which followed. the Marxist view in the Western European absolutism rose from a balance of power between traditional landowning aristocracy and the rising of bourgeoisie. This enabled monarchs to establish more effective central control, including efficient systems of taxation. In practice, restraints and the centralisation of political power remained, associated with the continued existence of independently powerful groups and introduction of new constitutional rights.
Debates exist in sociology as to how far absolutism in Europe was an integral element in the rise of Western capitalism, and whether it should be viewed as involving the recasting of feudal aristocratic Power or is the onset of modern bourgeois domination.
Monday 21 May 2012
What is poverty?
What is poverty?
Poverty is a lack of sufficient material and cultural resources to sustain a healthy existence. Most discussions distinguish between absolute or primary poverty and relative or secondary poverty. Absolute poverty refers to a lack of the basic requirement to sustain physical life; the subsistence poverty of not having sufficient food and adequate shelter.
Booth and Rowntree were amongst the first researchers to demonstrate the widespread influence of absolute poverty in the UK. Relative poverty is used to demonstrate the inadequacy of definitions of absolute poverty by referring to the cultural needs of individuals and families within the context of the rest of the society.
It is a relativistic definition which relates poverty but only to physical needs only to the norms and expectations of society.
The study of poverty is central to any examination of social inequality, including an analysis of who was poor and the reasons for the poverty. In the UK, there is no set poverty line although some commentators use eligibility for, and claiming of, social security benefits as a measure of the extent of poverty. Using this criterion, 17% of the British population, or about 9 million people, or officially poor in 1986. However, this excludes all the people who are not eligible for social security support, those who did not claim support, those who are just above this arbitrary line, and those who fell into the poverty trap.
Categories of poor people in industrialised societies usually include the unemployed, people in low paid or part-time employment, the sick and disabled, older people, members of large families single-parent families. Were the poor have been blamed for their poverty, which is seen as a consequence of some form of personal inadequacy such as fecklessness or idleness, most studies explain the existence of poverty in terms of the social and economic structures of industrial societies.
Poverty studies have been criticised for not recognising that poverty may result in the income of a man, although well above the poverty line, is not equitably shared between all members of the family; plus the burden of poverty forced to click on them.
Just as poverty is seen to be an indicator of class and gender relations industrial society, so poverty has been seen as an indicator of unequal economic relations between different countries; the poverty of the Third World countries being directly related to the accumulation of wealth in developed countries.
Poverty is a lack of sufficient material and cultural resources to sustain a healthy existence. Most discussions distinguish between absolute or primary poverty and relative or secondary poverty. Absolute poverty refers to a lack of the basic requirement to sustain physical life; the subsistence poverty of not having sufficient food and adequate shelter.
Booth and Rowntree were amongst the first researchers to demonstrate the widespread influence of absolute poverty in the UK. Relative poverty is used to demonstrate the inadequacy of definitions of absolute poverty by referring to the cultural needs of individuals and families within the context of the rest of the society.
It is a relativistic definition which relates poverty but only to physical needs only to the norms and expectations of society.
The study of poverty is central to any examination of social inequality, including an analysis of who was poor and the reasons for the poverty. In the UK, there is no set poverty line although some commentators use eligibility for, and claiming of, social security benefits as a measure of the extent of poverty. Using this criterion, 17% of the British population, or about 9 million people, or officially poor in 1986. However, this excludes all the people who are not eligible for social security support, those who did not claim support, those who are just above this arbitrary line, and those who fell into the poverty trap.
Categories of poor people in industrialised societies usually include the unemployed, people in low paid or part-time employment, the sick and disabled, older people, members of large families single-parent families. Were the poor have been blamed for their poverty, which is seen as a consequence of some form of personal inadequacy such as fecklessness or idleness, most studies explain the existence of poverty in terms of the social and economic structures of industrial societies.
Poverty studies have been criticised for not recognising that poverty may result in the income of a man, although well above the poverty line, is not equitably shared between all members of the family; plus the burden of poverty forced to click on them.
Just as poverty is seen to be an indicator of class and gender relations industrial society, so poverty has been seen as an indicator of unequal economic relations between different countries; the poverty of the Third World countries being directly related to the accumulation of wealth in developed countries.
What is absolute poverty?
What is absolute poverty?
Absolute poverty is a level of poverty defined in terms of minimum requirements for basic substance.
Absolute poverty is a level of poverty defined in terms of minimum requirements for basic substance.
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